The 56th Annual Dipsea

FINAL RESULTS

August 28, 1966
Mill Valley to Stinson Beach, Marin County, CA


Results for 1966 by place

Place
Overall		 Name Clock
Time		 Head
Start		 Actual
Time		 Time
Place		 Race Race
Place		 Age Sex Bib Group
1 Carl Jensen 0:48:57 0 0:48:57 1 - 1 - M - 0
2 Will L Stephens 0:49:07 0 0:49:07 2 - 2 - M - 0
3 Jack K Lawson 0:49:22 4 0:53:22 17 - 3 - M - 4
4 Ray Hughes 0:49:25 0 0:49:25 3 - 4 - M - 0
5 Rich Delgado 0:49:58 0 0:49:58 4 - 5 - M - 0
6 William T Mackey III 0:50:04 0 0:50:04 5 - 6 - M - 0
7 Wes Hildreth 0:50:09 0 0:50:09 6 - 7 - M - 0
8 Laurence G Rentschler 0:50:25 4 0:54:25 25 - 8 - M - 4
9 Otis H Miles 0:51:06 11 1:02:06 112 - 9 - M - 11
10 Bob Bunnell 0:51:22 0 0:51:22 7 - 10 - M - 0
11 Eugene E Gillisan 0:51:24 0 0:51:24 8 - 11 - M - 0
12 Thomas C Bache 0:51:31 0 0:51:31 9 - 12 - M - 0
13 Floyd W Godwin 0:51:32 0 0:51:32 10 - 13 - M - 0
14 Brian D Rowbothan 0:52:27 4 0:56:27 52 - 14 - M - 4
15 Jack R Knutson 0:52:29 4 0:56:29 53 - 15 - M - 4
16 Steve Brown 0:52:51 0 0:52:51 11 - 16 - M - 0
17 William H Bachrach 0:53:07 0 0:53:09 13 - 17 - M - 0
18 Andrew Russell 0:53:08 0 0:53:08 12 - 18 - M - 0
19 L F Trujillo 0:53:10 0 0:53:10 14 - 19 - M - 0
20 John L Stephens 0:53:11 4 0:57:11 61 - 20 - M - 4
21 W J Leydig 0:53:14 0 0:53:14 15 - 21 - M - 0
22 P F Reese 0:53:15 11 1:04:15 133 - 22 - M - 11
23 W T Mackey Jr 0:53:16 5 0:58:16 74 - 23 - M - 5
24 R C Markley 0:53:17 4 0:57:17 62 - 24 - M - 4
25 G A Chapman 0:53:18 0 0:53:18 16 - 25 - M - 0
26 R G Klemmer 0:53:28 0 0:53:28 18 - 26 - M - 0
27 D A Stuart 0:53:35 0 0:53:35 19 - 27 - M - 0
28 M Lorne 0:53:38 4 0:57:38 64 - 28 - M - 4
29 T W Beck 0:53:40 0 0:53:40 20 - 29 - M - 0
30 J H Weldinger 0:53:56 0 0:53:56 21 - 30 - M - 0
31 T M Lydon 0:54:09 0 0:54:09 22 - 31 - M - 0
32 W E Long 0:54:13 0 0:54:13 23 - 32 - M - 0
33 S R Nichols 0:54:16 0 0:54:16 24 - 33 - M - 0
34 J T Noonan 0:54:26 0 0:54:26 26 - 34 - M - 0
35 R L Thanning 0:54:27 0 0:54:27 27 - 35 - M - 0
36 W D Seaver 0:54:41 0 0:54:41 28 - 36 - M - 0
37 G G Brock 0:54:46 0 0:54:56 29 - 37 - M - 0
38 B S Johnson 0:54:59 0 0:54:59 30 - 38 - M - 0
39 M J Conroy 0:55:08 0 0:55:08 31 - 39 - M - 0
40 L LeFrak 0:55:08 0 0:55:08 32 - 40 - M - 0
41 D Barni 0:55:11 0 0:55:11 33 - 41 - M - 0
42 D S Pickett 0:55:14 5 1:00:14 92 - 42 - M - 5
43 M Reese 0:55:14 0 0:55:14 34 - 43 - M - 0
44 K A Bacon 0:55:14 0 0:55:14 35 - 44 - M - 0
45 W Smith 0:55:14 0 0:55:14 36 - 45 - M - 0
46 T W Burhard 0:55:14 0 0:55:14 37 - 46 - M - 0
47 R G Crow 0:55:19 0 0:55:19 38 - 47 - M - 0
48 D J Trujillo 0:55:20 0 0:55:20 39 - 48 - M - 0
49 R L Scott 0:55:21 0 0:55:21 40 - 49 - M - 0
50 D Belton 0:55:22 4 0:59:22 82 - 50 - M - 4
51 W J Ferallatte 0:55:25 0 0:55:25 41 - 51 - M - 0
52 G Montante 0:55:26 0 0:55:26 42 - 52 - M - 0
53 A D Harder 0:55:27 0 0:55:27 43 - 53 - M - 0
54 G Payon Jr 0:55:28 0 0:55:28 44 - 54 - M - 0
55 D M George 0:55:44 0 0:55:44 45 - 55 - M - 0
56 M T McMahon 0:55:45 4 0:59:45 86 - 56 - M - 4
57 D Schaller 0:55:47 0 0:55:47 46 - 57 - M - 0
58 G M Galloway 0:55:48 0 0:55:47 47 - 58 - M - 0
59 J M Miller 0:55:50 0 0:55:47 48 - 59 - M - 0
60 M C Stephens 0:56:02 0 0:56:02 49 - 60 - M - 0
61 J G Kirk 0:56:15 11 1:07:15 164 - 61 - M - 11
62 K W Kreiger 0:56:16 0 0:56:16 50 - 62 - M - 0
63 G E Blanchard 0:56:17 0 0:56:17 51 - 63 - M - 0
64 J Satti 0:56:23 11 1:07:23 166 - 64 - M - 11
65 R L Biancalana 0:56:24 8 1:04:24 136 - 65 - M - 8
66 R P League 0:56:33 0 0:56:33 54 - 66 - M - 0
67 R L Dunn 0:56:39 0 0:56:39 55 - 67 - M - 0
68 R Caikoiski 0:56:47 0 0:56:47 56 - 68 - M - 0
69 M S Hironaka 0:56:48 4 1:00:48 96 - 69 - M - 4
70 H D Butt 0:56:50 0 0:56:50 57 - 70 - M - 0
71 R L Kennedy 0:56:51 0 0:56:51 58 - 71 - M - 0
72 D C Waldman 0:56:56 0 0:56:56 59 - 72 - M - 0
73 S E Yost 0:56:57 0 0:56:57 60 - 73 - M - 0
74 J B Mullis 0:57:14 4 1:01:14 100 - 74 - M - 4
75 M V Dailey 0:57:35 0 0:57:35 63 - 75 - M - 0
76 P M Cunningham 0:57:38 0 0:57:38 65 - 76 - M - 0
77 d Bruce 0:57:40 0 0:57:40 66 - 77 - M - 0
78 C E MacMahon 0:57:41 5 1:02:41 116 - 78 - M - 5
79 S P Stradley 0:57:43 0 0:57:43 67 - 79 - M - 0
80 C Munro 0:57:52 0 0:57:52 68 - 80 - M - 0
81 E C Hurtado 0:57:53 0 0:57:53 69 - 81 - M - 0
82 R G Shearer 0:57:59 0 0:57:59 70 - 82 - M - 0
83 K Hofmann 0:58:03 0 0:58:03 71 - 83 - M - 0
84 D L Walton 0:58:11 0 0:58:11 72 - 84 - M - 0
85 G Newell 0:58:13 0 0:58:13 73 - 85 - M - 0
86 J M Heslin 0:58:28 4 1:02:28 113 - 86 - M - 4
87 A E Grobe 0:58:48 4 1:02:48 117 - 87 - M - 4
88 M N Wolford 0:58:49 4 1:02:49 118 - 88 - M - 4
89 R M Nakata 0:58:50 0 0:58:50 75 - 89 - M - 0
90 P A Nelson 0:58:52 0 0:58:52 76 - 90 - M - 0
91 N F Rogue 0:58:57 0 0:58:57 77 - 91 - M - 0
92 M M Ebrahimian 0:59:16 0 0:59:16 78 - 92 - M - 0
93 M S Byers 0:59:17 0 0:59:17 79 - 93 - M - 0
94 D L Broadley 0:59:18 0 0:59:18 80 - 94 - M - 0
95 J W Tilden 0:59:23 0 0:59:23 83 - 95 - M - 0
96 J M Barber 0:59:27 0 0:59:27 84 - 96 - M - 0
97 T Stratta 0:59:18 0 0:59:18 81 - 97 - M - 0
98 C H Arundell 0:59:33 0 0:59:33 85 - 98 - M - 0
99 L P Weber 0:59:41 4 1:03:41 126 - 99 - M - 4
100 A J Ting 0:59:47 4 1:03:47 129 - 100 - M - 4
101 D L Neilson 0:59:48 4 1:03:48 130 - 101 - M - 4
102 J H Barni 0:59:52 0 0:59:52 88 - 102 - M - 0
103 J C Forsyth 0:59:53 5 1:04:53 143 - 103 - M - 5
104 M F Schnatmeyer 1:00:00 0 1:00:00 89 - 104 - M - 0
105 G G Garcia 1:00:04 0 1:00:04 90 - 105 - M - 0
106 J M Medeiros 1:00:13 0 1:00:13 91 - 106 - M - 0
107 S T Hori 1:00:20 4 1:04:20 134 - 107 - M - 4
108 N G Smith 1:00:33 4 1:04:33 139 - 108 - M - 4
109 D A Freeman 1:00:34 0 1:00:34 93 - 109 - M - 0
110 A P Cutino 1:00:39 0 1:00:39 94 - 110 - M - 0
111 J M Stephenson 1:00:40 11 1:11:40 196 - 111 - M - 11
112 M F Sovsa 1:00:46 0 1:00:46 95 - 112 - M - 0
113 D W Essary 1:00:54 0 1:00:54 97 - 113 - M - 0
114 P D Nance 1:00:57 0 1:00:57 98 - 114 - M - 0
115 R Emerson 1:01:09 0 1:01:09 99 - 115 - M - 0
116 W C Jones 1:01:16 0 1:01:16 101 - 116 - M - 0
117 R J Milloy 1:01:17 0 1:01:17 102 - 117 - M - 0
118 E Cody 1:01:22 0 1:01:22 103 - 118 - M - 0
119 R C Johnson 1:01:22 0 1:01:22 104 - 119 - M - 0
120 G Baxter 1:01:23 0 1:01:23 105 - 120 - M - 0
121 p Smith 1:01:26 0 1:01:26 106 - 121 - M - 0
122 R T Vogel 1:01:31 0 1:01:31 107 - 122 - M - 0
123 Anderson 1:01:32 0 1:01:32 108 - 123 - M - 0
124 J E Robinson 1:01:34 5 1:06:34 161 - 124 - M - 5
125 R J Lindstaedt 1:01:37 0 1:01:37 109 - 125 - M - 0
126 D R Zipfel 1:01:38 0 1:01:38 110 - 126 - M - 0
127 J J Seaver 1:01:39 4 1:05:39 153 - 127 - M - 4
128 F R Hagerty 1:01:42 0 1:01:42 111 - 128 - M - 0
129 A Bryant 1:01:48 8 1:09:48 184 - 129 - M - 8
130 E B Short Jr 1:01:57 0 1:09:57 186 - 130 - M - 0
131 D Di Grazia 1:02:19 4 1:06:19 158 - 131 - M - 4
132 E Marr 1:02:28 5 1:07:28 168 - 132 - M - 5
133 R N Vanter 1:02:30 0 1:02:30 114 - 133 - M - 0
134 J A Sanders 1:02:31 0 1:02:31 115 - 134 - M - 0
135 M Walter 1:02:51 0 1:02:51 119 - 135 - M - 0
136 R J Sardon 1:02:53 0 1:02:53 120 - 136 - M - 0
137 W D Myers 1:02:58 0 1:02:58 121 - 137 - M - 0
138 P Louie 1:02:59 0 1:02:59 122 - 138 - M - 0
139 C I Loebig 1:03:10 0 1:03:10 123 - 139 - M - 0
140 T G Quatman 1:03:21 0 1:03:21 124 - 140 - M - 0
141 J F Conniff 1:03:36 0 1:03:36 125 - 141 - M - 0
142 J Deir 1:03:41 0 1:03:41 127 - 142 - M - 0
143 F C Ertman 1:03:46 0 1:03:46 128 - 143 - M - 0
144 K F Cunningham 1:03:50 0 1:03:50 131 - 144 - M - 0
145 R J Kesecker 1:03:53 0 1:03:53 132 - 145 - M - 0
146 G W Hunter 1:04:03 4 1:08:03 171 - 146 - M - 4
147 J Q Shirley 1:04:22 0 1:04:22 135 - 147 - M - 0
148 J P Stemmer 1:04:24 0 1:04:24 137 - 148 - M - 0
149 W N Blisard 1:04:27 0 1:04:27 138 - 149 - M - 0
150 T P Daley 1:04:29 4 1:08:29 175 - 150 - M - 4
151 R A Bojo 1:04:36 0 1:04:36 140 - 151 - M - 0
152 M R Klaver 1:04:43 0 1:04:43 141 - 152 - M - 0
153 M F Sully 1:04:50 4 1:08:50 177 - 153 - M - 4
154 R H Putersen 1:04:52 0 1:04:52 142 - 154 - M - 0
155 J U Oyarzun 1:04:53 0 1:04:53 144 - 155 - M - 0
156 W S Yee 1:04:54 0 1:04:54 145 - 156 - M - 0
157 G P Scott 1:05:08 0 1:05:08 146 - 157 - M - 0
158 R A Harness 1:05:11 0 1:05:11 147 - 158 - M - 0
159 R D Pietz 1:05:15 0 1:05:15 148 - 159 - M - 0
160 M Guillen 1:05:16 0 1:05:16 149 - 160 - M - 0
161 P C Cole 1:05:25 0 1:05:25 150 - 161 - M - 0
162 C Lehman 1:05:30 0 1:05:30 151 - 162 - M - 0
163 R Justice 1:05:32 0 1:05:32 152 - 163 - M - 0
164 Mark U Wolford 1:05:35 4 1:09:35 180 - 164 - M - 4
165 G W Lucas 1:05:37 5 1:10:37 191 - 165 - M - 5
166 H F Biancalana 1:05:46 4 0:59:46 87 - 166 - M - 4
167 P C Gamache 1:05:54 0 1:05:54 154 - 167 - M - 0
168 D R Hunter 1:05:56 0 1:05:56 155 - 168 - M - 0
169 J A Davis 1:06:09 0 1:06:09 156 - 169 - M - 0
170 A D Boucke 1:06:12 0 1:06:12 157 - 170 - M - 0
171 A Nardidini 1:06:20 8 1:14:20 221 - 171 - M - 8
172 J M Cogno 1:06:21 0 1:06:21 159 - 172 - M - 0
173 R E Swingley 1:06:23 5 1:11:23 194 - 173 - M - 5
174 J D Levine 1:06:30 0 1:06:30 160 - 174 - M - 0
175 R T Canton 1:07:56 11 1:18:56 251 - 175 - M - 11
176 D J Wilson 1:07:11 0 1:07:11 162 - 176 - M - 0
177 R Davis 1:07:12 0 1:07:12 163 - 177 - M - 0
178 R Lee 1:07:14 11 1:18:14 250 - 178 - M - 11
179 A Dos Santos 1:07:17 0 1:07:17 165 - 179 - M - 0
180 A Woicicki 1:07:26 0 1:07:26 167 - 180 - M - 0
181 D E Kiernan 1:07:51 0 1:07:51 169 - 181 - M - 0
182 W J Stack 1:07:56 11 1:18:56 252 - 182 - M - 11
183 W S Woods 1:08:01 0 1:08:01 170 - 183 - M - 0
184 R W Wright 1:08:16 4 1:12:16 203 - 184 - M - 4
185 M Reeder 1:08:19 0 1:08:19 172 - 185 - M - 0
186 D L Mills 1:08:23 0 1:08:23 173 - 186 - M - 0
187 E Ellis 1:08:25 0 1:08:25 174 - 187 - M - 0
188 S Grpemburg 1:08:26 8 1:16:26 234 - 188 - M - 8
189 J F Grant 1:08:27 5 1:13:27 212 - 189 - M - 5
190 J E Healy 1:08:40 8 1:16:40 236 - 190 - M - 8
191 R U Chourre 1:08:40 8 1:16:40 237 - 191 - M - 8
192 R J Tolman 1:08:49 0 1:08:49 176 - 192 - M - 0
193 P N Woicicki 1:08:58 0 1:08:58 178 - 193 - M - 0
194 A E Ray 1:08:59 0 1:08:59 179 - 194 - M - 0
195 C R Gaylord 1:09:33 5 1:14:33 223 - 195 - M - 5
196 G M Cagwin 1:09:37 0 1:09:37 181 - 196 - M - 0
197 R F Fewster 1:09:41 0 1:09:41 182 - 197 - M - 0
198 K B Ward 1:09:44 4 1:13:44 214 - 198 - M - 4
199 A D Wong 1:09:46 0 1:09:46 183 - 199 - M - 0
200 D S Baldwin 1:09:47 4 1:13:47 215 - 200 - M - 4
201 J McGowan 1:09:48 0 1:09:48 185 - 201 - M - 0
202 Mike Wolford 1:09:56 4 1:13:56 219 - 202 - M - 4
203 D P Mathews 1:10:00 0 1:10:00 187 - 203 - M - 0
204 V H Cary 1:10:13 0 1:10:13 188 - 204 - M - 0
205 M J Gock 1:10:20 0 1:10:20 189 - 205 - M - 0
206 S R Ting 1:10:25 0 1:10:25 190 - 206 - M - 0
207 J Vanya 1:10:25 5 1:15:25 229 - 207 - M - 5
208 P McDonald 1:10:45 4 1:14:45 225 - 208 - M - 4
209 R L Nielsen 1:10:46 0 1:10:46 192 - 209 - M - 0
210 L E Weber 1:11:08 4 1:15:08 227 - 210 - M - 4
211 T McBride 1:11:13 0 1:11:13 193 - 211 - M - 0
212 J F Schneider 1:11:21 4 1:15:21 228 - 212 - M - 4
213 J D Galloway 1:11:30 0 1:11:30 195 - 213 - M - 0
214 J T Murphree 1:11:39 4 1:15:39 232 - 214 - M - 4
215 J Myers 1:11:42 0 1:11:42 197 - 215 - M - 0
216 D O'Brien 1:11:44 0 1:11:44 198 - 216 - M - 0
217 G A Dykstra 1:11:46 0 1:11:46 199 - 217 - M - 0
218 G E Wright 1:11:53 0 1:11:53 200 - 218 - M - 0
219 R J Braesfield 1:11:57 0 1:11:57 201 - 219 - M - 0
220 L D Trevino 1:11:59 4 1:15:59 233 - 220 - M - 4
221 E J Toschi 1:12:04 0 1:12:04 202 - 221 - M - 0
222 T J Silva 1:12:05 5 1:17:05 240 - 222 - M - 5
223 R P Mignosa 1:12:21 0 1:12:21 204 - 223 - M - 0
224 R E Brott 1:12:42 0 1:12:42 205 - 224 - M - 0
225 R A Hall 1:12:43 0 1:12:43 206 - 225 - M - 0
226 D W Berry 1:12:50 0 1:12:50 207 - 226 - M - 0
227 R B Witter 1:12:55 5 1:17:55 245 - 227 - M - 5
228 R B Imlach 1:13:05 4 1:17:05 241 - 228 - M - 4
229 A Russell 1:13:10 0 1:13:10 208 - 229 - M - 0
230 G W Ball 1:13:10 0 1:13:10 209 - 230 - M - 0
231 G D Connors 1:13:12 0 1:13:12 210 - 231 - M - 0
232 D A Tatsuno 1:13:22 0 1:13:22 211 - 232 - M - 0
233 N R Ray 1:13:28 0 1:13:28 213 - 233 - M - 0
234 M D Hoschler 1:13:32 4 1:17:32 243 - 234 - M - 4
235 E G Maviscalco 1:13:41 4 1:17:41 244 - 235 - M - 4
236 C W Turner 1:13:53 0 1:13:53 216 - 236 - M - 0
237 W A Ferguson 1:13:54 0 1:13:54 217 - 237 - M - 0
238 G Haza 1:13:55 0 1:13:55 218 - 238 - M - 0
239 R L Abbott 1:13:56 0 1:13:56 220 - 239 - M - 0
240 P V Carmichael 1:14:17 11 1:25:17 267 - 240 - M - 11
241 E V Neira 1:14:20 0 1:14:20 222 - 241 - M - 0
242 L B Jager 1:14:36 0 1:14:36 224 - 242 - M - 0
243 P L Fairfield 1:14:47 0 1:14:47 226 - 243 - M - 0
244 S C Wilton 1:15:25 0 1:15:25 230 - 244 - M - 0
245 A L Fox 1:15:28 0 1:15:28 231 - 245 - M - 0
246 D B Gregson 1:16:17 4 1:20:17 255 - 246 - M - 4
247 W O Roberts 1:16:26 8 1:24:26 265 - 247 - M - 8
248 W D Wilson 1:16:31 0 1:16:31 235 - 248 - M - 0
249 J M Bodley 1:16:46 8 1:24:46 266 - 249 - M - 8
250 J Bodley 1:16:56 0 1:16:56 238 - 250 - M - 0
251 R Hernandez 1:16:57 0 1:16:57 239 - 251 - M - 0
252 A Swanson 1:17:15 0 1:17:15 242 - 252 - M - 0
253 J R Chapman 1:17:44 11 1:28:44 275 - 253 - M - 11
254 D R Nichols 1:17:59 0 1:17:59 246 - 254 - M - 0
255 D W Tevlin 1:18:04 0 1:18:04 247 - 255 - M - 0
256 A W Hoyt 1:18:09 0 1:18:09 248 - 256 - M - 0
257 J H Gross 1:18:11 0 1:18:11 249 - 257 - M - 0
258 Monte Wolford 1:18:27 5 1:23:27 260 - 258 - M - 5
259 B C Angell 1:19:52 4 1:23:52 263 - 259 - M - 4
260 J Doyel 1:19:57 0 1:19:57 253 - 260 - M - 0
261 S Ellis 1:20:57 0 1:20:15 254 - 261 - M - 0
262 D E McGrath 1:20:38 0 1:20:38 256 - 262 - M - 0
263 T J Dougherty 1:20:41 0 1:20:41 257 - 263 - M - 0
264 W J Graves 1:22:02 0 1:22:02 258 - 264 - M - 0
265 R V Pellegrini 1:22:32 0 1:22:32 259 - 265 - M - 0
266 L F Campbell 1:22:33 4 1:26:33 269 - 266 - M - 4
267 J B Mills 1:22:56 4 1:26:56 270 - 267 - M - 4
268 P Beale 1:22:59 5 1:27:59 272 - 268 - M - 5
269 L A Torres 1:23:27 0 1:23:27 261 - 269 - M - 0
270 C N Kanis 1:23:37 0 1:23:37 262 - 270 - M - 0
271 R E Fullerton 1:23:44 4 1:27:44 271 - 271 - M - 4
272 M P Lyons 1:24:05 0 1:24:05 264 - 272 - M - 0
273 B E Hildreth 1:26:13 0 1:26:13 268 - 273 - M - 0
274 Elaine Pedersen 1:27:23 5 1:32:23 278 - 274 - F - 5
275 S Ertman 1:28:09 4 1:28:35 273 - 275 - M - 4
276 J W Wagner 1:28:35 0 1:28:35 274 - 276 - M - 0
277 M Dite 1:28:53 4 1:32:53 279 - 277 - M - 4
278 F A Gass 1:29:00 11 1:40:00 284 - 278 - M - 11
279 M Goodyear 1:31:36 0 1:31:36 276 - 279 - M - 0
280 F Shute 1:31:45 0 1:31:45 277 - 280 - M - 0
281 T L Adams 1:34:46 0 1:34:46 280 - 281 - M - 0
282 F H Cuaera 1:34:47 0 1:34:47 281 - 282 - M - 0
283 R Kershaw 1:34:48 0 1:34:48 282 - 283 - M - 0
284 J D Morgan 1:38:56 0 1:38:56 283 - 284 - M - 0
285 J R Jackson 1:44:25 0 1:44:25 285 - 285 - M - 0
286 R L Torres 1:49:25 0 1:49:25 286 - 286 - M - 0
287 F G Stradcitter 1:52:15 11 2:03:15 287 - 287 - M - 11
288 L Fragulia 2:27:00 0 2:27:00 288 - 288 - M - 0
289 E Fragulia 2:27:10 4 2:31:10 289 - 289 - M - 4
290 J Zupancic 2:27:20 0 3:17:20 290 - 290 - M - 0